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Great Pyramids
Egypt
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Egypt, a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle East, dates to the time of the pharaohs. Millennia-old monuments sit along the fertile Nile River Valley, including Giza's colossal Pyramids and Great Sphinx as well as Luxor's hieroglyph-lined Karnak Temple and Valley of the Kings tombs. The capital, Cairo, is home to Ottoman landmarks like Muhammad Ali Mosque and the Egyptian Museum, a trove of antiquities.
Visiting Egypt is like stepping back into the pages of ancient history. The country's rich tapestry of civilizations, from the Pharaohs to the Greeks, Romans, and Arabs, has left an indelible mark on its landscape. The Pyramids of Giza, standing majestically on the outskirts of Cairo, are a testament to the ingenuity of ancient Egyptian civilization and are the only surviving wonder of the ancient world. Nearby, the Sphinx, with its enigmatic expression, continues to puzzle historians and archaeologists alike. A cruise down the Nile, the lifeline of Egypt, offers a picturesque view of the rural landscape interspersed with historical sites. Stops at Edfu and Kom Ombo reveal magnificent temples dedicated to the gods Horus and Sobek, respectively.
Beyond the ancient wonders, Egypt's natural landscapes offer an equally compelling experience. The Red Sea is renowned for its vibrant coral reefs and is a haven for divers and snorkelers eager to explore its underwater biodiversities, such as the famous sites in Sharm El Sheikh and Hurghada. In contrast, the Western Desert provides a starkly beautiful experience, with its sprawling sand dunes and unique geological formations, such as the white chalk formations of the White Desert. For a more relaxed experience, the Mediterranean coast offers beautiful beaches and a glimpse into the laid-back lifestyle of coastal towns like Alexandria, which also boasts a rich history and cultural heritage, including the famous Bibliotheca Alexandrina, a modern project inspired by the ancient library of Alexandria.
Whether you're exploring the bustling markets of Cairo, marveling at the colossal monuments of ancient rulers, or relaxing by the azure waters of the Red Sea, Egypt promises a journey filled with diverse experiences and unforgettable memories. The warmth of Egyptian hospitality, where guests are considered 'gifts from God,' ensures a welcoming atmosphere for all who visit this majestic land.
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Need to Know Before You Go To Great Pyramids
Nickname:
Land of the Pharaohs
Primary Language:
Arabic
Time Zone:
Africa/Cairo
Current Time:
Electric Plug Type:
Type C and Type F
Annual Visitors:
13 million
Primary Export:
Crude petroleum
Busiest Travel Months:
December, January, February
Quietest Travel Months:
September, August, July
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Iconic Landmarks
The Great Pyramids of Giza
Located on the outskirts of Cairo, the Pyramids of Giza are the only surviving ancient wonder of the world. The complex includes the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure, along with the Great Sphinx.
The Great Sphinx of Giza
Adjacent to the Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx is a colossal limestone statue with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh, believed to represent Pharaoh Khafre. It is one of the largest and oldest statues in the world.
Karnak Temple Complex
Situated in Luxor, the Karnak Temple is one of the largest religious buildings ever constructed. The complex is dedicated to the Theban triad but primarily to Amun-Ra, and it features a vast array of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings.
Valley of the Kings
Located on the west bank of the Nile near Luxor, this valley contains the tombs of numerous pharaohs from the New Kingdom, including Tutankhamun, Seti I, and Ramses II. It is renowned for its archaeological significance and its elaborate tomb paintings.
Abu Simbel Temples
These two massive rock temples in southern Egypt near Aswan were originally carved out of the mountainside during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II. They serve as a lasting monument to the king and his queen, Nefertari, and commemorate his victory at the Battle of Kadesh.
Temple of Philae
Located on Agilkia Island near Aswan, this temple complex was relocated from its original island of Philae to save it from flooding caused by the Aswan Dam. Dedicated to the goddess Isis, it features beautiful architecture and is a highlight of any visit to the Aswan region.
Cultural Experiences
Exploring the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx
The Pyramids of Giza, including the Great Pyramid of Khufu, are some of the most iconic ancient structures in the world. Visiting these pyramids along with the Sphinx offers a glimpse into Egypt's powerful past and the architectural prowess of the ancient Egyptians.
Touring the Egyptian Museum in Cairo
Located in the heart of Cairo, the Egyptian Museum is home to an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts, including the treasures of Tutankhamun. The museum offers a deep dive into the history and culture of ancient Egypt through its artifacts, mummies, and royal antiquities.
Cruising the Nile River
A Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan (or vice versa) provides a unique perspective on the lush Nile Valley and its importance to Egyptian civilization. This relaxing journey also offers the opportunity to visit ancient temples such as Karnak, Luxor, Philae, and the Valley of the Kings.
Visiting Islamic Cairo
The historic area of Islamic Cairo is a treasure trove of mosques, madrasas, and monuments dating back to the Fatimid through to the Ottoman periods. Notable sites include the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, Al-Azhar Mosque, and the bustling Khan El-Khalili bazaar where you can experience the vibrant local culture and shop for traditional crafts.
Experiencing Coptic Cairo
This area of Cairo provides insight into the early Christian period in Egypt, with several old churches, monasteries, and the Coptic Museum. Highlights include the Hanging Church and the Church of St. Sergius and Bacchus, which is said to be built over the spot where the Holy Family rested during their escape to Egypt.
Attending a Traditional Sufi Dance Show (Al-Tannoura)
For a truly mesmerizing experience, attend a Sufi dance performance, particularly the Al-Tannoura show in Cairo. This spiritual dance is known for its colorful costumes and hypnotic movements, deeply rooted in Islamic tradition.
Outdoor Adventures
Diving and Snorkeling in the Red Sea
The Red Sea is one of the most beautiful seas in the world for diving, with an amazing array of sea life, coral reefs, and clear blue waters. Popular diving spots include Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada, and Marsa Alam.
Desert Safari in the Western Desert
The Western Desert provides a stark contrast to the fertile Nile Valley and offers a unique adventure. You can embark on a safari that takes you through various oases like Siwa, Bahariya, Farafra, Dakhla, and Kharga. Experience the beauty of the desert landscape, enjoy the hot springs, and explore the sand dunes in a 4x4, on a camel, or even sandboarding.
Trekking in the Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula offers some of the best trekking and hiking in Egypt, including the famous climb to the summit of Mount Sinai, where it is said that Moses received the Ten Commandments. The trek typically starts at St. Catherine’s Monastery, the world's oldest working Christian monastery, and offers stunning sunrise views from the peak.
Felucca Sailing on the Nile
A more relaxed but equally enchanting adventure is sailing on the Nile in a traditional Felucca.
Quad Biking in the Sinai Desert
For those seeking a more adrenaline-pumping experience, quad biking through the rugged terrain of the Sinai Desert offers an exhilarating adventure. This activity is often combined with a visit to Bedouin camps, adding a cultural element to the adventure.
Hot Air Ballooning in Luxor
For a different perspective on Egypt’s ancient landscapes, a hot air balloon ride over Luxor at sunrise offers breathtaking views of the Valley of the Kings, the Temple of Karnak, and other ancient monuments. This is a peaceful yet exhilarating way to see some of Egypt’s most famous archaeological sites from above.
Off the Beaten Path
Siwa Oasis
Located in the Western Desert, Siwa Oasis is a serene and beautiful spot far from the usual tourist paths. Known for its Berber culture, stunning salt lakes, and lush palm groves, Siwa offers a glimpse into a slower, more traditional way of life. Visitors can explore ancient mud-brick fortresses like the Shali Fortress, bathe in Cleopatra’s Spring, and enjoy the stunning desert landscapes.
White Desert National Park
The White Desert, or Sahara el Beyda, is famous for its surreal, chalk-white landscapes and rock formations sculpted by the wind. Camping under the stars here offers an unforgettable experience, with the ground and rock formations glowing under the moonlight. It’s an excellent spot for photography, hiking, and simply experiencing the solitude of the desert.
Fayoum Oasis
Just a short drive from Cairo, the Fayoum Oasis is a wonderful mix of desert landscapes, waterfalls, and ancient ruins. Visitors can explore Wadi El-Rayan, a natural depression in the desert containing two lakes connected by Egypt’s only waterfall. The area is also rich in wildlife and history, with nearby attractions like the ancient city of Karanis and the fossil-rich Valley of the Whales (Wadi Al-Hitan).
Dahshur
While many tourists flock to the Pyramids of Giza, Dahshur offers a more peaceful and equally fascinating experience. It is home to some of the oldest, largest, and best-preserved pyramids in Egypt, including the Red Pyramid and the Bent Pyramid. The lack of crowds here allows for a more contemplative visit.
El Quseir
On the Red Sea coast, El Quseir is one of the oldest seaports in Egypt. The town has a rich history, having been a crucial port during the Roman and Ottoman periods. Visitors can explore the old fortress, wander through the narrow streets of the old town, and dive into the Red Sea to explore vibrant coral reefs and marine life.
Mount Sinai and St. Catherine’s Monastery
For those interested in religious history and stunning natural scenery, a trip to Mount Sinai is a must. Climbing the mountain for a sunrise view is a spiritual experience for many. Nearby, St. Catherine’s Monastery, one of the oldest working Christian monasteries in the world, houses ancient icons and manuscripts. The area is also a part of a larger national park, offering numerous hiking trails and natural sites.
Great Pyramids Fun Facts
Egypt, known for its rich history and vibrant culture, offers a treasure trove of interesting facts. Here are the top 10 fun facts about Egypt:
- Cradle of Civilization
Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, dating back to 3100 BCE when the first Pharaoh, Narmer, unified Upper and Lower Egypt.
- Inventors of Writing
The ancient Egyptians were among the first to develop a system of writing. Hieroglyphics, which date back to around 3200 BCE, were used for religious texts, decrees, and historical records.
- Pyramids as Tombs
The Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, was originally built as a tomb for the Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops) around 2560 BCE. It was the tallest man-made structure in the world for over 3,800 years.
- Mummification
The Egyptians believed in an afterlife and practiced mummification to preserve bodies for the journey to the next world. This process involved embalming the body and wrapping it in linen strips.
- Calendar Pioneers
The ancient Egyptians created a solar calendar that included 365 days, divided into 12 months of 30 days each, with an extra 5 days of festivities at the end of the year to honor the gods and goddesses.
- Medical Innovations
Ancient Egyptian medicine was highly advanced for its time. They practiced surgery, set broken bones, and even had knowledge of dentistry. The Edwin Smith Papyrus includes detailed surgical procedures and is one of the oldest preserved medical documents.
- Inventors of Paper
The word "paper" comes from "papyrus," which was made from the papyrus plant found along the Nile River. This early form of paper was used for writing, painting, and making scrolls.
- A Land of Pharaohs and Queens
Egypt was ruled by numerous pharaohs, but also by powerful queens such as Hatshepsut, Nefertiti, and Cleopatra, who played significant roles in the history of their country.
- Rich in Monuments
Besides the famous pyramids, Egypt is home to numerous other ancient monuments, including the Sphinx, Luxor Temple, and the Valley of the Kings, where many pharaohs were buried.
- A Mix of Cultures
Modern Egypt is a melting pot of cultures, influenced by its own ancient heritage as well as Greek, Roman, Christian, and Islamic traditions. This blend is evident in Egypt’s diverse architecture, art, and social customs.
Featured Picture Gallery
The Great Pyramid of Giza is Mad of Limestone, Granite, and Mortar
Aerial Shot of the Great Pyramids and Giza
The Great Sphinx Stands on the Giza Plateau
Camel Rides are a Popular Activity at the Giza Pyramids Complex
The City of Giza is Home to The Great Pyramids and The Sphinx
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